『考研英语辅导 知识点（3）』

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7. 介词 介词是一种虚词，在句子当中不能单独做句子成分，它只表示其后的名词或起名词作用的词语与其他句子成分之间的关系。由于英汉两种语言习惯不同，所以很多同学做起题来都会犯遗漏介词或是误用介词的错误。在近几年的研究生入学考试英语试卷中，经常会出现考查介词搭配的题目。学习介词没有什么诀窍，只有通过多阅读，多留心各种不同的词的搭配，再将其化为己有，真正做到熟练掌握。 练习： 1. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded _____by producers. 2. There is a general understanding _____ the members of the Board of Directors that chief attention be given to the undertaking that is expected to bring in the highest profit. 3. This test is intended to reinforce what you have learned _____ the past few weeks. 4. _______ response to the advertisement, Ed replied that he was looking for a full-time position, not a part-time job. 5. The helicopter excels _______ military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go. 6. _______ some of the representatives still not there, the conference is put off until further notice. 7. One should not talk about unpleasant subjects ______ a social gathering. Also, we should avoid any subject that might hurt the feelings of the people you are with. 8. The students expressed their thanks to Prof. Davis by presenting him ______ a parting gift. 9. In note taking, a strict discipline has to be kept ______ and all inessential details ignored and unnecessary words eliminated. 10. Physics is the present-day equivalent ______ what used to be called natural philosophy, from which most of the present-day science arose. 8.倒装结构 倒装结构是一种语法手段，用来表示一定句子结构或是用来强调句子的某一部分。倒装结构分为完全倒装和部分倒装。倒装也是研究生入学考试英语试卷中的一大出题点，它主要出现在阅读中，以长难句的形式出现。关于一些具体的长难句，狒狒在前几期的“字斟句酌”中已经有过较为详细的讲解，这里主要为大家提供一些练习，希望大家能够通过自己的揣摩和体会，迅速、准确地识别出倒装结构，为阅读理解和英译汉等打下坚实的基础。 练习： 1. In the case of opera, the composers wrote their music following the original texts, ______ in Italian, French or German. A. are they B. be they C. were they D. had they been 2. Only when the researchers have obtained sufficient data, _______come to a sound conclusion. A. can they B. they can C. must they D. might they 3. There was no denying the fact that the organization had broken no rules, but neither ______responsibly. A. does it act B. has it acted C. did it act D. had it acted 4. Not only ______working hard, but also she was very polite. A. she was B. has she been C. was she D. had she been 5. Not until an infant hedgehog opens its eyes ______ its nests to follow its mother about. A. did it leave B. does it leave C. has it left D. had it left 8.强调句型 英语中的常用强调句型是It is (was)+被强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）+that…。一般说来，指物用that， 指人用who，但是，为了稳妥起见，狒狒建议不论是人还是物最好都用that来强调，这样就可以保证万无一失。 练习： 1. It is the uses to which television is put _______determine its value to society. A. they B. those C. that D. who 2. It was not until he entered the classroom _______he realized that he had forgotten to do the homework. A. before B. when C. then D. that 3. It is only when you nearly lose someone _______fully conscious of how much you value him. A. do you become B. then you become C.that you become D. have you become 4. It is the decline of active play and, I suppose, the enormous growth of purely receptive entertainment _______ rise to a sociological interest in the problem. A. which had given B. that gave C. that has given D. that have given